Literatur zum plötzlichen Herztod und Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen
Albert CM, Campos H, Stampfer MJ, Ridker PM, Manson JE, Willett, WC, Ma J. Blood levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids and the risk of sudden cardiac death. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1113-8
Block RC, Harris WS, Reid KJ, Sands SA, Spertus JA. EPA and DHA in blood cell membranes from acute coronary syndrome patients and controls. Atherosclerosis. 2008;197:821-8
Brouwer IA, Zock PL, Camm AJ, et al for the SOFA Study Group. Effect of fish oil on ventricular tachyarrhythmia and death in patients with implantable cardioverters defibrillators. The Study on Omega-3 fatty acids and ventricular arrhythmia (SOFA) randomized trial. J Am Med Assoc 2006;295:2613-2619
Bucher HC, Hengstler P, Schindler C, Meier G. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Med 2002;112:298-304
Burr ML, Ashfield-Watt PAL, Dunstan FDJ, et al. Lack of benefit of dietary advice to men with angina: results of a controlled trialt. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57:193-200
Burr ML, Fehily AM, Gilbert JF, Rogers S, Holliday RM, Sweetnam PM, et al. 1989. Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial infarction: diet and reinfarction trial (DART). Lancet 2:757-61
Calo L, Bianconi L, Colivicchi F, et al. N-3 fatty acids for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary bypass surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:1723-8
Cleland LG, James MJ, Proudman SM. The role of fish oil in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs 2003; 63:845-53
De Backer G, Ambrosioni E, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Third Joint Task Force of European and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:1601-1610
Decsi T, Koletzko B. N-3 fatty acids and pregnancy outcomes. Curr Op Nutr Metab Care 2005; 8:161-6
Donadio JV, Grande JP. IgA Nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2002; 347:738-48
Engler MM, Engler MB, Malloy M, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid restores endothelial function in children with hyperlipidemia: results form the EARLY study. Int J clin Pharmacol Ther 2004; 42:672-679
Engler MM, Engler MB, Paul S, et al. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid on lipoprotein subclasses in hyperlipidemic children (the EARLY study). Am J Cardiol 2005; 95:869-871
Gissi-HF Investigators, Tavazzi L, Maggioni AP, Marchioli R, Barlera S, Franzosi MG, Latini R, Lucci D, Nicolosi GL, Porcu M, Tognoni G. Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with chronic heart failure (the GISSI-HF trial): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Lancet. 2008;372:1223-30.
Gohlke H. Ernährung. Z Kardiol 2005; 94 Suppl 3: III/22-9
Harris WS, von Schacky C.The Omega-3 index: A new risk factor for death from coronary heart disease ? Prev Med. 2004;39:212-20
Holguin F, Tellez Rojo MM, Lazo M, et al. Cardiac autonomic changes associated with fish oil vs soy oil supplementation in the elderly. Chest, 2005;127:1102-1107
Hooper L, Thompson RL, Harrison RA, et al. Risks and benefits of Omega 3 fats for mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review. Br Med J 2006;332:752-60
Hu FB, Bronner L, Willett WC, Stamper MJ, Rexrode AM, Albert CM, Hunter D, Manson JE. Fish and Omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 287:1815-21
Huikuri HV, Castellanos A, Myerburg RJ. Sudden death due to cardiac arrhythmias. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1473-82
Iso H, Kobayashi M, Ishihara J, et al, JPHC Study Group. Intake of fish and n3 fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among Japanese: the Japan Public Health Center-Based (JPHC) Study Cohort I. Circulation 2006;113:195-202
Itomura, M., Fujioka, S., Hamazaki, K., Kobayashi, K., Nagasawa, T., Sawazaki, S., Kirihara, Y., and Hamazaki, T.. Factors influencing EPA+DHA levels in red blood cells in Japan. In Vivo. 2008, 22: 131-135
Yokoyama, M., Origasa, H., Matsuzaki, M., Matsuzawa, Y., Saito, Y., Ishikawa, Y., Oikawa, S., Sasaki, J., Hishida, H., Itakura, H., Kita, T., Kitabatake, A., Nakaya, N., Sakata, T., Shimada, K., Shirato, K., and Japan EPA lipid intervention study (JELIS) Investigators. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis. Lancet 2007, 369: 1090-1098
Kottke TE, Wu LA, Brekke LN, White RD. Preventing sudden death with n-3 (Omega-3) fatty acids and defibrillators. Am J Prev Med 2006; 31: 316-23
Leaf A, Albert CM, Josephson M, et al for the Fatty Acid Antiarrhythmia Trial Investigators. Prevention of fatal arrhythmias in high-risk subjects by fish oil n-3 fatty acid intake. Circulation 2005;112:2762-2768
Lamotte M, Annemans L, Kawalec P, Zoellner Y. A multi-country health economic evaluation of highly concentrated n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in secondary prevention after myocardial infarction. Pharmacoeocnomics 2006;24:783-795
Levitan EB, Wolk A, Mittleman MA. Fish consumption, marine omega-3 fatty acids, and incidence of heart failure: a population-based prospective study of middle-aged and elderly men. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:1495-500
MacLean CH, Mojica WA, Newberry SJ, Pencharz J, Garland RH, Tu W, Hilton LG, Gralnek IM, Rhodes S, Kanna P, Morton SC. Systematic review of the effects of Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82: 611-9
Marchioli R, Barzi F, Bomba E, et al. 2002. Early protection against sudden death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction. Time-course analysis of the results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell´Infarcto Miocardio (GISSI)-Prevenzione. Circulation, 105:1897-1903
Moore MJ, Glover BM, McCann CJ, et al. Demographic and temporal trends in out of hospital sudden cardiac death in Belfast. Heart 2006;92:311-315
Morgan DR, Dixon LJ, Hanratty CG, et al. Effects of dietary Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients with chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97:547-551
Mori TA, Woodman RJ. The independent effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on cardiovascular risk factors in humans. Curr Opin Nutr Metab Care 2006; 9:95-104
Morris MC Sacks F, Rosner B. Does fish oil lower blood pressure ? A meta-analysis of controlled trials. Circulation 1993; 88:523-533
Mozaffarian D, Longstreth WT, Lemaitre RN, et al. Fish consumption and stroke risk in elderly individuals: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Int Med 2005;165:200-206
Mozaffarian D, Geelen A, Brouwer AI, et al. Effect of fish oil on heart rate in humans. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Circulation 2005;112:1946-1952
Mozaffarian D, Prineas RJ, Stein PK, Siscovick DS. Dietary fish and n-3 fatty acid intake and cardiac electrographic parameters in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48:478-484
Mozaffariann D, Rimm EB. Fish intake, contaminants, and human health. J Am Med Assoc 2006, 296:1885-99
Mozaffarian D, Psaty B, Rimm EB, et al. Fish intake and risk of incident atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2004;110:368-373
Ness AR, Ashfield-Watt PAL, Whiting JM, et al. The long-term effect of dietary advice on the diet of men with angina: the diet and angina randomized trial. J Hum Nutr Dietet. 2004;17:117-119
Nishizawa H, Hamazaki K, Hamazaki T, et al. The relationship between tissue RBC n-3 fatty acids and pulse wave velocity. In Vivo 2006;20:307-310
O´Keefe JH jr, Abuissa H, Sastre A, et al. Effects of Omega-3 fatty acids on resting heart rate, heart rate recovery after exercise, and heart rate variability in men with healed myocardial infarctions and depressed ejections fractions. Am J Cardiol 2006;97:1127-1130
Peet M, Stokes C. Omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Drugs 2005; 65: 1051-9
Rauch B, Schiele R, Schneider S, Gohlke H, Diller F, Gottwik M, Steinbeck G, Heer T, Katus H, Zimmer R, Erdogan A, Pfafferott C, Senges J; Omega-Study Group. Highly purified omega-3 fatty acids for secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death after myocardial infarction-aims and methods of the OMEGA-study. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2006;20:365-75
Raitt MH, Connor WE, Morris C, et al. Fish oil supplementation and risk of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in patients with implantable defibrillators. A randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2005;293:2884-2891
Rasmussen BM, Vessby B, Uusitupa M, et al. The KANWU Study Group. Effects of dietary saturated, monounsaturated, and n-3 fatty acids on blood pressure in healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83:221-226
Reisman J, Schachter HM, Dales RE, Tran K, Kourad K, Barnes D, Sampson M, Morrison A, Gaboury E, Blackman J. Treating asthma with Omega-3 fatty acids: Where is the evidence ? A systematic review. BMC Complement Altern Med 2006; 6:26
Saugstad LF. Are neurodegenerative disorder and psychotic manifestations avoidable brain dysfunctions with dietary Omega-3 ? Nutr Health 2006; 18: 89-101
Schmier JK, Rachman NJ, Halpern MT. The cost-effectiveness of Omega-3 supplements for prevention of secondary coronary events. Manag Care 2006;15:43-50
Schrepf R, Limmer T, Weber PC, et al. Immediate effects of n-3 fatty acid infusion on the induction of sustained ventricular tachycardia. Lancet 2004;363:1441-1442
Siscovick DS, Raghunathan TE, King I, Weinmann S, Wicklund KG, Albright J, Bovbjerg V, Arbogast P, Smith H, Kushi LH, et al. Dietary intake and cell membrane levels of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of primary cardiac arrest. J Am Med Assoc. 1995; 275:836-7
Smith SC, Allen J, Blair SN, et al. AHA/ACC Guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update. Circulation. 2006;113:2363-2372
Szajewska H, Horvath A, Koletzko B. Effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation of women with low-risk pregnancies on pregnancy outcomes and growth measures at birth: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83:1337
Tavazzi L, Tognoni G, Franzhosi MG, et al. GISSI-HF investigators. Rationale and design of the GISSI heart failure trial: a large trial to assess the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and rosuvastatin in symptomatic congestive heart failure. Eur Heart J 2004; 6:635-641
The GISSI Prevenzione Group. 1999. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet, 354:447-55. Erratum in: Lancet 2001;357:642
Thies F, Garry JM, Yaqoob P, et al. Association of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with stability of atherosclerotic plaques: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003;361:477-485
Van der Werf F, Ardissino D, Betriu A, et al. Task Force on the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. 2003. Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. The Task Force on the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J.2003;24:28-66
von Schacky C. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Nutr Metab Care 2004; 7:131-136
von Schacky C, Angerer P, Kothny W, Theisen K, Mudra H. The effect of dietary Omega-3 fatty acids on coronary atherosclerosis. A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Ann Int Med 1999; 130:554-562
von Schacky C, Harris WS. Cardiovascular benefits of Omega-3 fatty acids. Cardiovasc Res. 2006;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.08.019
von Schacky C, Harris WS, Mozaffarian D, Kris-Etherton PM (2006) Statement of the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) www.ISSFAL.org.uk/HooperRebuttal.asp
von Schacky C. Use of red cell fatty acid profiles as biomarkers in cardiac disease
Biomark Med 2009;3:25-32
Virtanen JK, Voutilainen S, Rissanen TH, et al. Mercury, fish oils, and riks of acute coronary events and cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and all-cause mortality in men in eastern Finland. Arterioscler Thromb Vas Biol 2005; 25:228-233
Wang C, Harris WS, Chung M, et al. n-3 fatty acids from fish of fish oil supplements, but not alpha-linolenic acid, benefit cardiovascular disease outcomes in primary- and secondary-prevention studies: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84:5-17
Zipes DP, Camm AJ, Borggrefe M, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death – executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society for Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) Eur Heart J 2006;27:2099-2140
Literatur zu Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit
Bouwstra H, Dijck-Brouwer DAJ, Wildeman JAL, Tjoonk HM, van der Heide JC, Boersma ER, Muskiet FAJ, Hadders-Algra M. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have a positive effe on the quality of general movements of healthy term infants. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:313-8
Dunstan JA, Mori TA, Barden A, Beilin LJ, Holt PG, Calder PC, Taylor AL, Prescott SL. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy on maternal and fetal erythrocyte fatty acid composition. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58:429-37
Dunstan JA, Simmer K, Dixon G, Prescott SL. Cognitive assessment at 2 ½ years following fish oil supplementation in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2008;93:F45-50
Harris WS, Connor WE, Lindsey S.Will dietary omega-3 fatty acids change the composition of human milk? Am J Clin Nutr. 1984;40:780-5
Helland IB, Smith L, Saarem K, Saugsted OD, Drevon CA. Maternal supplementation with very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation augments children's IQ at 4 years of age.Pediatrics 2003; 111:e39-44
Hibbeln JR. Seafood consumption, the DHA content of mothers' milk and prevalence rates of postpartum depression: a cross-national, ecological analysis. J Affect Disord 2002; 69:15
Jayawant S, Rawlinson A, Gibbon F, Price J, Schulte J, Sharples P, Sibert JR, Kemp AM. Subdural haemorrhages in infants: population based study. BMJ. 1998;317:1558-61
Jensen CL. Effect of n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83(Suppl)1452S-7S
Koletzko B, Larqué E, Demmelmair H. Placental transfer of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). J Perinat Med. 2007;35 Suppl 1:S5-11
Koletzko B, Lien E, Agostoni C, Böhles H, Campoy C, Cetin I, Decsi T, Dudenhausen JW, Dupont C, Forsyth S, Hoesli I, Holzgreve W, Lapillonne A, Putet G, Secher NJ, Symonds M, Szajewska H, Willatts P, Uauy R. The roles of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy, lactation and infancy: review of current knowledge and consensus recommendations. J Perinat Med. 2008;36:5-14
Larqué E, Krauss-Etschmann S, Campoy C, Hartl D, Linde J, Klingler M, Demmelmair H, Caño A, Gil A, Bondy B, Koletzko B Docosahexaenoic acid supply in pregnancy affects placental expression of fatty acid transport proteins. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:853-61
Makrides M, Duley L, Olsen SF. Marine oil, and other prostaglandin precursor, supplementation for pregnancy uncomplicated by pre-eclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;3:CD003402
Matsuzaka T, Yoshinaga M, Tsuji Y, Yasunaga A, Mori K.. Incidence and causes of intracranial hemorrhage in infancy: a prospective surveillance study after vitamin K prophylaxis. Brain Dev. 1989;11:384-8
Mozaffarian D, Rimm EB. Fish intake, contaminants, and human health: evaluating the risks and the benefits. J Am Med Assoc. 2006;296:1885-99
Olsen SF, Osterdal ML, Salvig JD, Weber T, Tabor A, Secher NJ. Duration of pregnancy in relation to fish oil supplementation and habitual fish intake: a randomised clinical trial with fish oil. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61:976-85
Qiu C, Sanchez SE, Larrabure G, David R, Bralley JA, Williams MA. Erythrocyte omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and preeclampsia risk in Peruvian women. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2006;274:97-103
Szajewaska H, Horvath A, Koletzko B. Effect of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation of women with low-risk pregnancies on pregnancy outcomes and growth measures at birth: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83:1337-44
Literatur zu Neurologie und Psychiatrie
Antalis CJ, Stevens LJ, Campbell M, Pazdro R, Ericson K, Burgess JR. Omega-3 fatty acid status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2006;75:299-308
Appleton KM, Hayward RC, Gunnell D, Peters TJ, Rogers PJ, Kessler D, Ness AR. Effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on depressed mood: systematic review of published trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:1308-16.
Freund-Levi Y, Eriksdotter-Jönhagen M, Cederholm T, Basun H, Faxén-Irving G, Garlind A, Vedin I, Vessby B, Wahlund LO, Palmblad J. Omega-3 fatty acid treatment in 174 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: OmegAD study: a randomized double-blind trial.
Arch Neurol. 2006;63:1402-8
Freeman MP, Hibbeln JR, Wisner KL et al. Omega-3 fatty acids: evidence basis for treatment and future research in psychiatry. J Clin Psychiatry 2006;1954-67
Iso H, Sato S, Umemura U, Kudo M, Koike K, Kitamura A, Imano H, Okamura T, Naito Y, Shimamoto T. Linoleic acid, other fatty acids, and the risk of stroke. Stroke. 2002;33:2086-93
Ross BM, Seguin J, Sieswerda LE. Omega-3 fatty acids as treatments for mental illness: which disorder and which fatty acid ? Lipids in Health and Disease 2007; 6:21
Schaefer EJ, Bongard V, Beiser AS, Lamon-Fava S, Robins SJ, Au R, Tucker KL, Kyle DJ, Wilson PW, Wolf PA. Plasma phosphatidylcholine docosahexaenoic acid content and risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease: the Framingham Heart Study. Arch Neurol. 2006;63:1545-50
Sontrop J, Campbell MK. w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and depression: a review of the evidence and a methodological critique. Prev Med 2006; 42:4-13
Sublette ME, Hibbeln JR, Galfalvy H, Oquendo MA, Mann JJ. Omega-3 polyunsaturated essential fatty acid status as a predictor of future suicide risk. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163:1100-2